Glossary
Sanctions, in plain terms.
Plain-language explainers for the terms that decide a sanctions question — written to orient quickly, not to replace advice.
SDN vs sectoral sanctions
An SDN (Specially Designated National) listing blocks a person and their property outright; sectoral measures restrict only defined dealings — such as certain debt or equity — with named entities.
Read definition →GlossaryThe OFAC 50% Rule
An entity owned 50% or more, in aggregate, by one or more blocked persons is itself treated as blocked, even if it is not named.
Read definition →GlossaryOwnership vs control (EU)
The EU asks not only who owns an entity but who controls it in fact — through board appointments, decisive influence or the ability to direct it.
Read definition →GlossaryEAR99 and ECCN
An ECCN (Export Control Classification Number) identifies a controlled item on the Commerce Control List; EAR99 is the residual category for items subject to the regulations but not specifically listed.
Read definition →GlossaryGeneral vs specific licence
A general licence authorises a category of activity for anyone meeting its conditions; a specific licence is granted to a named applicant for a defined transaction.
Read definition →GlossaryWind-down periods
When a measure takes effect, authorities often allow a defined period to exit existing dealings in an orderly way.
Read definition →GlossarySnapback
A mechanism by which previously lifted sanctions are automatically reinstated if conditions are not met.
Read definition →GlossarySecondary sanctions
Measures that target non-US persons for dealings with sanctioned parties, even outside US jurisdiction.
Read definition →GlossaryExtraterritoriality
The application of one jurisdiction’s rules to conduct and persons abroad.
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